Dog.prototype = Object.create(Animal.prototype); Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog;

Event bubbling refers to the process where events triggered on child elements are propagated up to their parent elements, whereas event capturing refers to the process where events are captured by parent elements before they reach their child elements.

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { // Asynchronous operation setTimeout(() => { resolve("Data loaded successfully."); }, 2000); });

In JavaScript, null represents the intentional absence of any object value, whereas undefined indicates a variable that has been declared but not assigned a value.

Inheritance in JavaScript can be implemented using constructors, prototypes, and the Object.create() method. For example: